The term six-stroke engine has been applied to a number of alternative designs that attempt to improve on traditional and engines. Claimed advantages may include increased, reduced mechanical complexity and/or reduced. These engines can be divided into two groups based on the number of pistons that contribute to the six strokes. In the single-piston designs, the engine captures the heat lost from the four-stroke or and uses it to drive an additional power and exhaust stroke of the piston in the same cylinder in an attempt to improve fuel-efficiency and/or assist with engine cooling. The pistons in this type of six-stroke engine go up and down three times for each injection of fuel. These designs use either steam or air as the working fluid for the additional power stroke. The designs in which the six strokes are determined by the interactions between two pistons are more diverse.
The pistons may be or may reside in separate cylinders. Usually one cylinder makes two strokes while the other makes four strokes giving six piston movements per cycle.
The second piston may be used to replace the valve mechanism of a conventional engine, which may reduce mechanical complexity and enable an increased by eliminating hotspots that would otherwise limit compression. The second piston may also be used to increase the expansion ratio, decoupling it from the compression ratio.
Increasing the expansion ratio in this way can increase thermodynamic efficiency in a similar manner to the or cycle. The Kerr engine at the In 1883, the -based engineer Samuel Griffin was an established maker of steam and gas engines. He wished to produce an internal combustion engine, but without paying the licensing costs of the patents. His solution was to develop a 'patent slide valve' and a single-acting six-stroke engine using it.
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By 1886, Scottish steam locomotive maker saw a future in large oil engines and licensed the Griffin patents. These were double-acting, tandem engines and sold under the name 'Kilmarnock'.
A major market for the Griffin engine was in electricity generation, where they developed a reputation for happily running light for long periods, then suddenly being able to take up a large demand for power. Their large heavy construction didn't suit them to mobile use, but they were capable of burning heavier and cheaper grades of oil. The key principle of the 'Griffin Simplex' was a heated exhaust-jacketed external vapouriser, into which the fuel was sprayed. The temperature was held around 550 °F (288 °C), sufficient to physically vapourise the oil but not to break it down chemically. This fractional distillation supported the use of heavy oil fuels, the unusable tars and asphalts separating out in the vapouriser. Was used, which Griffin termed the 'catathermic igniter', a small isolated cavity connected to the combustion chamber.
The spray injector had an adjustable inner nozzle for the air supply, surrounded by an annular casing for the oil, both oil and air entering at 20 psi (140 kPa) pressure, and being regulated by a governor. Griffin went out of business in 1923. Only two known examples of a Griffin six-stroke engine survive. One is in the. The other was built in 1885 and for some years was in the, but in 2007 it returned to Bath and the. Dyer six-stroke engine invented a six-stroke internal combustion water-injection engine in 1915, very similar to Crower's design (see below).
A dozen more similar patents have been issued since. Dyer's six-stroke engine features:.
No cooling system required. Improves a typical engine’s fuel consumption. Requires a supply of pure water to act as the medium for the second power stroke.
Stroke Engine Mcgill
Extracts the additional power from the expansion of steam. Bajulaz six-stroke engine The Bajulaz six-stroke engine is similar to a regular combustion engine in design. There are, however, modifications to the cylinder head, with two supplementary fixed-capacity chambers: a and an air-preheating chamber above each cylinder. The combustion chamber receives a charge of heated air from the cylinder; the injection of fuel begins an (constant-volume) burn, which increases the compared to a burn in the cylinder. The high pressure achieved is then released into the cylinder to work the power or expansion stroke. Meanwhile, a second chamber, which blankets the combustion chamber, has its air content heated to a high degree by heat passing through the cylinder wall.
This heated and pressurized air is then used to power an additional stroke of the piston. The claimed advantages of the engine include reduction in fuel consumption by at least 40%, two expansion strokes in six strokes, multi-fuel usage capability, and a dramatic reduction in. The Bajulaz six-stroke engine was invented in 1989 by Roger Bajulaz of the Bajulaz S.A. Company, based in,; it has and. The Bajulaz six-stroke engine features claimed are:.
Reduction in fuel consumption by at least 40%. Two expansion (work) strokes in six strokes. Multifuel, including liquefied petroleum gas.
Dramatic reduction in air pollution. Costs comparable to those of a four-stroke engine Velozeta six-stroke engine In a Velozeta engine, fresh air is injected into the cylinder during the exhaust stroke, which expands by heat and therefore forces the piston down for an additional stroke. The valve overlaps have been removed, and the two additional strokes using air injection provide for better. The engine seems to show 40% reduction in fuel consumption and dramatic reduction in air pollution. Its is slightly less than that of a four-stroke gasoline engine. The engine can run on a variety of fuels, ranging from and to. An altered engine shows a 65% reduction in carbon monoxide pollution when compared with the four-stroke engine from which it was developed.
The engine was developed in 2005 by a team of mechanical engineering students, Mr. U Krishnaraj, Mr.
Boby Sebastian, Mr. Arun Nair and Mr. Aaron Joseph of the. NIYKADO six-stroke engine This engine was designed, developed and patented by Chanayil Cleetus Anil, of, India, in 2012.
He holds Indian patent number IN252642, granted by IPIndia on May 25, 2012. The name of the engine is taken from the name of his company, NIYKADO Motors. The engine underwent a preliminary round of full-throttle tests at the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune. The inventor claims this engine 'is 23 per cent more fuel efficient compared to a standard four-stroke engine' and that it is 'very low on pollution'.
Crower six-stroke engine In a six-stroke engine prototyped in the United States by Bruce Crower, water is injected into the cylinder after the exhaust stroke and is instantly turned to, which expands and forces the piston down for an additional power stroke. Thus, waste heat that requires an air or water cooling system to discharge in most engines is captured and put to use driving the piston. Crower estimated that his design would reduce fuel consumption by 40% by generating the same power output at a lower rotational speed. The weight associated with a cooling system could be eliminated, but that would be balanced by a need for a water tank in addition to the normal fuel tank. The Crower six-stroke engine was an experimental design that attracted media attention in 2006 because of an interview given by the 75-year-old, who has applied for a patent on his design. That patent application was subsequently abandoned.
Opposed-piston designs These designs use two pistons per cylinder operating at different rates, with combustion occurring between the pistons. Beare head This design was developed by Malcolm Beare of. The technology combines a four-stroke engine bottom end with an opposed piston in the cylinder head working at half the cyclical rate of the bottom piston. Functionally, the second piston replaces the valve mechanism of a conventional engine.
Claimed benefits include a 9% increase in power, and improved thermodynamic efficiency through an increased compression ratio enabled by the elimination of the hot exhaust valve. The M4+2 engine working cycle animation The M4+2 engines have much in common with the, combining two opposed pistons in the same cylinder. One piston works at half the cyclical rate of the other, but while the main function of the second piston in a Beare-head engine is to replace the valve mechanism of a conventional four-stroke engine, the M4+2 takes the principle one step further. The double-piston combustion engine's work is based on the cooperation of both modules. The air load change takes place in the two-stroke section of the engine.
The piston of the four-stroke section is an air load exchange aiding system, working as a system of valves. The cylinder is filled with air or with an air-fuel mixture. The filling process takes place at overpressure by the slide inlet system. The exhaust gases are removed as in the classical two-stroke engine, by exhaust windows in the cylinder. The fuel is supplied into the cylinder by a fuel-injection system. Ignition is realized by two spark plugs.
8 Stroke Engine Work
The effective power output of the double-piston engine is transferred by two crankshafts. The characteristic feature of this engine is an opportunity of continuous change of cylinder capacity and compression rate during engine work by changing the piston's location. The mechanical and thermodynamical models were meant for double-piston engines, which enable to draw up new theoretical thermodynamic cycle for internal combustion double-pistons engine. The working principle of the engine is explained in the article. Other two-piston designs Piston-charger engine.
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(January 2014) In this engine, similar in design to the Beare head, a 'piston charger' replaces the valve system. The piston charger charges the main cylinder and simultaneously regulates the inlet and the outlet aperture, leading to no loss of air and fuel in the exhaust. In the main cylinder, combustion takes place every turn as in a engine and lubrication as in a. Fuel injection can take place in the piston charger, in the gas-transfer channel or in the combustion chamber. It is also possible to charge two working cylinders with one piston charger. The combination of compact design for the combustion chamber together with no loss of air and fuel is claimed to give the engine more torque, more power and better fuel consumption. The benefit of fewer moving parts and design is claimed to lead to lower manufacturing costs.
Good for hybrid technology and stationary engines. The engine is claimed to be suited to alternative, fuels since there is no corrosion or deposits left on valves. The six strokes are:. Aspiration. Precompression. Gas transfer. Compression. Program calcul pensii militare.
Ignition. Ejection. This is an invention of Helmut Kottmann from Germany, while working 25 years at MAHLE GmbH piston and cylinder construction.
Kottman's US patents 3921608 and 5755191 are listed below. Ilmor/Schmitz Five-Stroke This design was invented by Belgian engineer Gerhard Schmitz, and has been prototyped by Ilmor Engineering. These designs use two (or 4, 6, 8) cylinders with a conventional Otto four-stroke cycle. An additional piston (in its own cylinder) is shared by the two Otto cycle cylinders. The exhaust from the Otto cycle cylinder is directed into the shared cylinder, where it is expanded generating additional work. This is in some respects similar to the operation of a compound steam engine, with the Otto cycle cylinders being the high-pressure stage and the shared cylinder the low pressure stage. The operation of the engine is thus: HP1 (Otto) LP (shared) HP2 (Otto) exhaust expansion (power) compression intake exhaust power compression expansion (power) exhaust power exhaust intake The designers consider this to be a five-stroke design, regarding the simultaneous HP exhaust stroke and LP expansion stroke as a single stroke.
This design provides higher fuel efficiency due to the higher overall expansion ratio of the combined cylinders. Expansion ratios comparable to diesel engines can be achieved, while still using gasoline (petrol) fuel. Five-stroke engines allegedly are lighter and have higher power density than diesel engines. Revetec engines The, designed by Bradley Howell-Smith of Australian firm Revetec Holdings Pty Ltd, use opposed pairs of pistons to drive a pair of counter-rotating three-lobed cams through bearings. These elements replace the conventional crankshaft and connecting-rods, which enables the motion of the pistons to be purely axial, so that most of the power otherwise wasted on lateral motion of the con-rods is effectively transferred to the output shaft.
This gives six power strokes per revolution of the shaft (spread across a pair of pistons). An independent test measured the of Revetec's X4v2 prototype gasoline engine at 212g/kW-h (corresponding to an energy efficiency of 38.6%). Any even number of pistons can be used, in boxer or X configurations; the three lobes of the cams can be replaced by any other odd number greater than one; and the geometry of the cams can be changed to suit the needs of the target fuels and applications of the engines. Such variants may have ten or more strokes per cycle. Related patents Related U.S. Patents. Internal combustion and steam engine Feb 27, 1917.
Stroke Engine Assessment
Liedtke seems to be one of the first to contemplate alternating between internal combustion and steam injection into the combustion chamber. Internal combustion engine May 4, 1920. Dyer invented the first 6-stroke internal combustion/water-injection engine in 1915.
The quest for an engine which having the same or more power with higher fuel efficiency than the existing ones has started before many years. As a result of all these researches a new engine concept is formed, which is a six stroke engine. Lot of research works are conducting on this topic nowadays and already six types of six stroke engines were discovered yet. Of these the resent developed three six stroke engines, i. E., Beare head, Bruce crowers and Velozeta’s are undergoing tremendous research works. Do Not Waste Your Time During every cycle in a typical four stroke engine, piston moves up and down twice in the chamber, resulting in four total strokes and one of which is the power stroke that provides the torque to move the vehicle.
But in a six stroke engine there are six strokes and out of these there are two power strokes. The automotive industry may soon be revolutionized by a new six-stroke design which adds a second power stroke, resulting in much more efficiency with less amount of pollution. Introduction 2. Symbols used 3. History of six stroke engines 4.
Velozeta’s six stroke engine 1. Engine Parts Modified 3.
Performance test results 4. Load test results 4. Pollution test results 5.
Advantages 5. Conclusion 6. References The term six stroke engine describes two different approaches in the internal combustion engine, developed since the 1990s, to improve its efficiency and reduce emissions In the first approach, the engine captures the waste heat from the four stroke Otto cycle or Diesel cycle and uses it to get an additional power and exhaust stroke of.
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